
European companies have crossed a threshold in their use of artificial intelligence. Tools that don't just answer questions but plan, execute tasks and deliver completed work now generate more than half of all output from OpenAI's business customers in the bloc.
This marks a clear move from experimentation to operational depth. OpenAI's report, released October 14, shows that by the end of September, Codex and ChatGPT Work together accounted for 55% of output tokens among its EU ChatGPT Enterprise and Business accounts. Basic conversational ChatGPT handled the remaining 45%.
Codex alone drove 34% of output tokens. ChatGPT Work, launched in July, contributed 21%. The numbers come directly from usage logs. They capture real use of OpenAI's products rather than survey responses.
Small and medium-sized businesses have accelerated fastest. Their weekly active users of these agentic tools grew more than eightfold between early May and early October. Growth hit every member state. Belgium posted the highest jump at 12.1 times. Italy followed closely with 10.8 times. Even the slowest, Finland, saw more than fivefold expansion.
OpenAI defines small and medium businesses in this analysis as those with 200 or fewer associated users on its platform. That cutoff differs from the EU's own definition of SMEs, Il Sole 24 Ore noted.
Yet the picture varies sharply by country. Lithuania leads with agentic tools responsible for 85% of output tokens in September. Cyprus sits at 81%. Hungary reaches 79%. Italy generates 65%. Germany comes in at 51%. Spain registers only 30%. Slovenia trails at 22%.
These differences reflect more than random variation. They point to distinct patterns in how organizations integrate AI into daily operations. Some treat agents as core infrastructure. Others still limit them to occasional assistance.
The disparities extend to intensity of use. Frontier firms — the top 10% by output tokens generated per active user — in the EU produce more than four times as many tokens per user as typical EU companies. That gap shows concentration of value among aggressive adopters.
But those EU leaders still fall short of their global peers. Frontier firms outside Europe generate more than twice the output per user compared with EU frontier companies. And EU organizations represent just 10% of all such high-intensity users worldwide. North America claims 65%.
"Europe is now in a new era of AI," said Sarah Friar, OpenAI's chief financial officer, in the report. In OpenAI's view, the continent has moved past the initial hype cycle into practical deployment at scale.
The data arrives at a moment when broader AI adoption across the EU has already climbed. Some 20% of companies with at least 10 employees used AI in 2025, up from 13.5% the year before, according to the report's reference to official statistics. Access has spread faster than depth.
Agentic systems change that equation. They shift the worker's role from prompt engineer to overseer of autonomous processes. A user sets an objective, and the agent breaks it down, picks tools and works through the job, though it still needs oversight.
This transition shows up in how people spend their AI time. Software development, workflow automation and document verification appear frequently. In Italy, one distinctive use involves checking materials for accuracy or regulatory compliance.
TechRadar noted that making these tools available through a "superapp" approach helped smaller businesses catch up to capabilities once reserved for large enterprises. The launch of ChatGPT Work proved particularly important for that SMB surge.
Recent coverage reinforces the findings. Il Sole 24 Ore highlighted Italy's strong performance, with 65% agentic token share and 10.8-fold user growth among smaller organizations. The Italian business daily cautioned against reading the country rankings as a pure innovation leaderboard since the sample reflects only OpenAI customers.
Lithuania's LRT reported on the country's top ranking, quoting Economy and Innovation Minister Edvinas Griksas. "Lithuania's leadership in agentic artificial intelligence shows that our organisations can quickly adopt cutting-edge technologies and turn them into practical solutions," he said. The ministry sees potential GDP gains of up to 17% over a decade if the country matches leading OECD nations in digital innovation.
Analysts at CellCog stressed that the report measures OpenAI product usage, not overall AI adoption. Still, the internal data offers one of the clearest signals yet of how quickly behavior is changing inside European workplaces.
The opportunity, according to OpenAI, lies in converting broad access into measurable impact. Many firms have dipped their toes in generative AI. Fewer have rebuilt processes around agents that operate with meaningful independence.
Skills gaps, cost barriers and integration challenges likely explain part of the variation. Larger economies such as Germany and France sit near the EU average, while Spain trails well behind. Smaller, nimbler markets often lead.
OpenAI's report argues that closing the gap means helping businesses move beyond experimentation, building workers' skills and making advanced tools more affordable.
OpenAI remains bullish on Europe. Its report frames the current moment as an opening rather than a deficit. The data shows rapid change already underway. The question is whether companies and governments will act to close the intensity gap before global competitors pull further ahead.
Frontier firms demonstrate what's possible. They generate dramatically more value per employee through AI. Scaling that model across more organizations could lift overall economic output. But doing so requires attention to affordability, training and the removal of friction in deployment.
The shift to agentic systems won't happen evenly. Some sectors and regions will race forward. Others will lag. The patterns visible today in OpenAI's customer base offer an early map of that divergence. In Slovenia, agents produced 22% of output tokens in September; in Lithuania, 85%.
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